Space Weather is the portion of space physics that has a direct effect on humankind. Space
Weather is an old branch of space physics that originates back to 1808 with the publication …

Auroral ecosystem services (ES) is a subject that has not yet been formally addressed in the
expansive ecosystem services literature. This study conducts a systematic literature review …

We explore some of the ramifications arising from superflares on the evolutionary history of
Earth, other planets in the solar system, and exoplanets. We propose that the most powerful …

A magnetic storm around 1859 September 2, caused by a so-called Carrington flare, was
the most intense in the history of modern scientific observations, and hence is considered to …

People have probably been watching the sky since the beginning of human history.
Observers in pre-telescopic ages recorded anomalous events, which now provide uniquely …

Records of observations of sunspots and auroras in pre-telescopic historical documents
provide useful information about past solar activity both in long-term trends and short-term …

Historical auroral reports extend our knowledge of solar eruptions and long-term solar
variability in the millennial time scale beyond the chronological coverage of instrumental …

The enhancement of carbon-14 in tree rings around AD 774/775 has generated wide
interest in solar activity at that time. The historical auroral records have been examined …

Aims. Historical records provide evidence of extreme magnetic storms with equatorward
auroral extensions before the epoch of systematic magnetic observations. One significant …

Continuous observations at specified locations and chronicling of astronomical phenomena
provide a good opportunity to study ancient space weather. There are 248 white, 125 red …