Chloride is the principal anion in the extracellular fluid and is the second main contributor to
plasma tonicity. Its concentration is frequently abnormal in intensive care unit patients, often …

Acute metabolic acidosis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality because of its
depressive effects on cardiovascular function, facilitation of cardiac arrhythmias, stimulation …

Objectives: Hyperchloremia is frequently observed in critically ill patients in the ICU. Our
study aimed to examine the association of serum chloride (Cl) levels with hospital mortality …

Purpose Recent data suggest that both elevated serum chloride levels and volume overload
may be harmful during fluid resuscitation. The purpose of this study was to examine the …

Chloride is the principal anion of the extracellular fluid and vital for both serum
electroneutrality and acid-base homeostasis. The aim of this review is to investigate the …

Lactic acidosis is a very common biological issue for shock patients. Experimental data
clearly demonstrate that metabolic acidosis, including lactic acidosis, participates in the …

Metabolic acidosis is among the most common abnormalities seen in patients suffering from
critical illness. Its etiologies are multiple and treatment of the underlying condition is the …

Rationale Hyperchloremic acidosis is common in the critically ill and is often iatrogenic. We
have previously shown that hyperchloremic acidosis increases nuclear factor-κB DNA …

To investigate whether hypercapnic acidosis protects against ventilator-induced lung injury
(VILI) in vivo, we subjected 12 anesthetized, paralyzed rabbits to high tidal volume …

There has been intense research into the role nitric oxide (NO) plays in physiological and
pathological mechanisms and its clinical significance in respiratory medicine. Elevated …