Background Floods have affected 2.3 billion people worldwide in the last 20 years, and are
associated with a wide range of negative health outcomes. Climate change is projected to …

Background Recent studies have shown an increase in open defecation and slippage of
open defecation-free certified villages in Ethiopia, despite significant progress the country …

Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities is a basic necessity for
human livelihood, survival, and well‐being. Adequate WASH facilities provision is a critical …

Background: As of the year 2014, about 2.5 billion people globally lacked access to
improved sanitation. The situation is even worse in the sub-Saharan African countries …

Background: Poor latrine conditions, structure, and design may deter latrine use and
provoke reversion to open defecation (OD). Statistics show that only 18% of the households …

Groundwater contamination poses significant challenges to public health and sustainable
development in Malawi, where approximately 80% of the population relies on groundwater …

Background Globally, there were about 50.8 million internally displaced people in 2020, of
whom 42% were in sub-Saharan Africa. In areas where there are conflicts, the humanitarian …

Abstract Latar Belakang: Air minum dapat secara langsung mempengaruhi kesehatan
manusia, sehingga harus terjamin kualitasnya. Di Indonesia, air minum harus memenuhi …

Improving water services is a well-rehearsed political instrument to win public support
against a backdrop of a wide range of hydro-political realities in Africa. This paper examines …

The rationale for this study was to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities
of the Vea irrigation water and resultant effects on the quality of fresh vegetables produced …