As the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs)
sense the microenvironment and shape the ensuing adaptive immune response. DCs can …

Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T
cell responses. In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules …

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is activated by canonical and
non-canonical signalling pathways, which differ in both signalling components and …

Monocytes develop in the bone marrow and represent the primary type of mononuclear
phagocyte found in the blood. They were long thought of as a source for tissue …

The germinal center (GC) is a specialized microstructure that forms in secondary lymphoid
tissues, producing long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells, which …

Over the last 15 years, the inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) has been implicated in
various immune outcomes, including the induction and regulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a crucial role in orchestrating the humoral arm of adaptive
immune responses. Mature Tfh cells localize to follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that promote antibody production
during vaccination. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) efficiently prime Tfh cells; however …

Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases and form
an important innovation of 19th century research. It contains a protein that resembles a …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells that collaborate with B
cells to promote and regulate humoral responses. Unlike other CD4+ effector lineages, Tfh …