The second messenger molecule cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is formed by many bacteria and
archaea. In many species that produce c-di-AMP, this second messenger is essential for …

Cyclic di-AMP is a second-messenger nucleotide that is produced by many bacteria and
some archaea. Recent work has shown that c-di-AMP is unique among the signaling …

Type III CRISPR-Cas systems in prokaryotes provide immunity against invading nucleic
acids through the coordinated degradation of transcriptionally active DNA and its transcripts …

Microbial biofilms are involved in a number of infections that cannot be cured, as microbes in
biofilms resist host immune defenses and antibiotic therapies. With no strict biofilm-antibiotic …

Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most significant challenges to current
human society. Exposing bacteria to antibiotics can activate their self-saving responses, eg …

Current methods of STING activation based on intra-tumoral injections of cyclic
dinucleotides (CDNs) are not suitable for addressing tumor heterogeneity or for …

ABSTRACT Cyclic dimeric adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is an emerging
second messenger in bacteria and archaea that is synthesized from two molecules of ATP …

Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against invading pathogens. The detection of
aberrant nucleic acids which represent some conserved PAMPs triggers robust type I IFN …

Since the discovery of c-di-GMP almost three decades ago, cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs)
have emerged as widely used signaling molecules in most kingdoms of life. The family of …

Background Dental caries is a chronic, multifactorial and biofilm-mediated oral bacterial
infection affecting almost every age group and every geographical region. Streptococcus …