Shock is characterized by cellular and tissue hypoxia, caused by increased oxygen demand,
insufficient oxygen delivery, impaired oxygen utilization, or a combination of these factors. 1 …

Postcardiotomy shock (PCS) is generally described as the inability to separate from
cardiopulmonary bypass due to ineffective cardiac output after cardiotomy, which is caused …

Currently, there is a lack of guidelines regarding the administration of vasopressors and
inotropes in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In such …

Introduction Septic and vasoplegic shock are common types of vasodilatory shock (VS) with
high mortality. After fluid resuscitation and the use of catecholamine-mediated vasopressors …

Refractory vasodilatory shock, or vasoplegia, is a pathophysiologic state observed in the
intensive care unit and operating room in patients with a variety of primary diagnoses …

Objectives To describe angiotensin II (ANGII) use in patients on mechanical circulatory
support (MCS). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ANGII in patients with shock on MCS …

Despite medical advancements, mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS) remains unacceptably
high. 1-3 The decreased cardiac output resulting in impaired oxygen delivery, characteristic …

Objectives Severe hypotension and low systemic vascular resistance in the setting of
adequate cardiac output, known as “vasoplegic syndrome”(VS), is a physiologic disturbance …

Background Refractory vasodilatory shock is a state of uncontrolled vasodilation associated
with underlying inflammation and endothelial dysregulation. Rescue therapy for vasoplegia …

Abstract In the United States,~ 100,000 patients are hospitalized annually for cardiogenic
shock with 27–51% mortality. Similarly,~ 356,000 patients develop out-of-hospital cardiac …