A new protection scheme for power transformers using time–frequency decomposition is
presented. On detecting an abnormal condition based on the average energy of both sides …

The algorithms of the present generation of practical differential relays are based on two
methods. The first method is based on the ratio of the harmonic content of the differential …

This article proposes an auxiliary framework to address the challenges of transformer
differential protection for single-phase transformers or three-phase transformer banks. This …

This article puts forward a new algorithm based on Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) for
discriminating inrush and internal fault currents in power transformers. Specifically, the main …

In power systems, the programmable numerical differential relays are widely used for the
protection of generators, bus bars, transformers, shunt reactors, and transmission lines …

This study aids in finding out the critical switches of the system that will help in network
reconfiguration to minimize losses and to enhance the voltage profile of the system in load …

This article, besides offering data of great value for any designer of high-power short-circuits
of special three-winding design, illustrates the correlation with the corresponding FRA …

Differential protection normally detects short circuits and ground faults in the windings of a
power transformer and its terminals. Inter-turn faults refer to flashovers among the electrodes …

Facing constraints imposed by storage and bandwidth limitations, the vast volume of phasor
measurement unit (PMU) data collected by the wide-area measurement system (WAMS) for …

Transformers are one of the most important tools of a power system. Differential protection
relays with the second harmonic restraint criterion are traditionally used for the transformer …