In a range of neurological conditions, including movement disorders, sex-related differences
are emerging not only in brain anatomy and function, but also in pathogenesis, clinical …

Work over the past 2 decades has led to substantial changes in our understanding of
dystonia pathophysiology. Three general abnormalities appear to underlie the …

Movement disorders, which include disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia,
Tourette's syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and akathisia, have traditionally been …

Objectives: To provide a revised version of earlier guidelines published in 2006.
Background: Primary dystonias are chronic and often disabling conditions with a …

Abstract Changes in sensory function that have been described in patients with Parkinson
disease (PD) can be either'pure'disorders of conscious perception such as elevations in …

The pathophysiology of dystonia has been best studied in patients with focal hand dystonia.
A loss of inhibitory function has been demonstrated at spinal, brainstem and cortical levels …

Dystonia is typically considered a movement disorder characterized by motor
manifestations, primarily involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting movements and …

Forty years ago, CD Marsden proposed that blepharospasm should be considered a form of
adult‐onset focal dystonia. In the present paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of …

Somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, and functional syndromes are
characterized by burdensome preoccupation with somatic symptoms. Etiological models …

In a single‐center, case–control study, we investigated the frequency and types of
psychiatric disturbances in 89 consecutive patients with various primary focal dystonias (34 …