Abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, salinity, low temperature, and heavy metals, inhibit
plant growth and reduce crop productivity. Abiotic stresses are becoming increasingly …

Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth
and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms …

Climate change has devastating effects on plant growth and yield. During ontogenesis,
plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, affecting …

Contents Summary 523 I. Introduction 523 II. Sensing salt stress 524 III. Ion homeostasis
regulation 524 IV. Metabolite and cell activity responses to salt stress 527 V. Conclusions …

Exposure to a variety of environmental factors such as salinity, drought, metal toxicity,
extreme temperature, air pollutants, ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation, pesticides, and pathogen …

Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses in nature and exhibit unique and complex
responses to these stresses depending on their degree of plasticity involving many …

In recent years, new strategies have been proposed in order to improve the sustainability of
production systems for horticultural crops. A promising tool would be the use of substances …

Soil salinization inhibits plant growth and seriously restricts food security and agricultural
development. Excessive salt can cause ionic stress, osmotic stress, and ultimately oxidative …

Salt stress dramatically impedes plant growth and development as well as crop yield. The
apple production regions are reduced every year, because of the secondary salt damage by …

Abiotic stresses are the most critical hurdle for the growth and development of the plants.
The abiotic stresses are salinity, heat, drought, flood, heavy metals and plant nutrients …