Low permeability oil and gas resources are rich and have great potential all over the world,
which has gradually become the main goal of oil and gas development. However, after …

Water soaking a horizontal shale well is a practice whereby operators in shale gas and oil
production shut-in a well after a multistage hydraulic fracture treatment. By this practice, it is …

Osmotic pressure (P osmotic) is an important mechanism for fracturing fluid loss in clay-rich
unconventional reservoirs. Surfactant is often added to the fracturing fluid to control this loss …

The spontaneous imbibition (SI) process in shale oil reservoirs is not only influenced by
capillary force, but also by the osmotic pressure between the fracturing fluid and formation …

The energized hydraulic fracturing technology of “energizing, hydraulic fracturing, shut-in,
and flowback” has achieved good development results in some shale oil fields. The …

Imbibition oil recovery (IOR) is an important method to improve the recovery factor (RF) of
low-permeability reservoirs. To explore the characteristics and mechanism of IOR in ultra …

Fluid flow at nanoscale is closely related to many areas in nature and technology (eg,
unconventional hydrocarbon recovery, carbon dioxide geo-storage, underground …

Minimizing loss of injected hydraulic fracturing fluids into shale along fracture-matrix
boundaries is desired because imbibed water restricts gas production and wastes valuable …

Shale rocks are an integral part of petroleum systems. Though, originally viewed primarily as
source and seal rocks, introduction of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing …

Large-scale hydraulic fracturing is the critical technology for effective shale oil production.
However, the imbibition flow mechanisms of fracturing fluid in shale micropores and the …