Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CIs) have changed the landscape of tumor immunotherapy.
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and …

The different drugs and medical devices, which are commercialized or under industrial
development for glioblastoma treatment, are reviewed. Their different modes of action are …

While immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM), the limited availability of immunotherapeutic agents in tumors due to the presence of …

Introduction Gliomas, especially the glioblastomas, are one of the most aggressive
intracranial tumors with poor prognosis. This might be explained by the heterogeneity of …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialised network of blood vessels that
effectively separates the brain environment from the circulatory system. While there are …

Brain cancer persists as a difficult‐to‐treat condition. In particular, metastatic brain cancer
and malignant primary brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) are among the most deadly …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of astrocytoma with short survival and a high
recurrence rate and remains a global problem. Currently, surgery, chemotherapy …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal cancers with a poor prognosis. Over
the past century since its initial discovery and medical description, the development of …

Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a key role in the metabolism of
proliferating cells including neoplastic cells. In the central nervous system (CNS), glutamine …

Background Immunotherapy for GBM is an emerging field which is increasingly being
investigated in combination with standard of care treatment options with variable reported …