Glucose is an important fuel for contracting muscle, and normal glucose metabolism is vital
for health. Glucose enters the muscle cell via facilitated diffusion through the GLUT4 glucose …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease that is characterized by the appearance of
insulin resistance. The term insulin resistance is very wide and could affect different proteins …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a
multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB are two major regulators of gene
transcription and metabolism in response to oxidative, energetic, and mechanical stress in …

Utilization of carbohydrate in the form of intramuscular glycogen stores and glucose
delivered from plasma becomes an increasingly important energy substrate to the working …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling occurs in response to almost any
change in the extracellular or intracellular milieu that affects the metabolism of the cell …

Adequate exercise leads to a vast variety of physiological changes in skeletal muscle as
well as other tissues/organs and is also responsible for maintaining healthy muscle …

Glucose entry into muscle cells is precisely regulated by insulin, through recruitment of
GLUT4 (glucose transporter-4) to the membrane of muscle and fat cells. Work done over …

Insulin stimulation of glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissues is achieved by
accelerating glucose transporter GLUT4 exocytosis from intracellular compartments to the …

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy-sensing enzyme that is activated by
acute increases in the cellular [AMP]/[ATP] ratio. In skeletal and/or cardiac muscle, AMPK …