Despite considerable advances in microsurgical techniques over the past decades, bone
tissue remains a challenging arena to obtain a satisfying functional and structural restoration …

Polysaccharides are the most abundant naturally available carbohydrate polymers;
composed of monosaccharide units covalently connected together. Chitosan is the most …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printed hydrogel scaffolds enhanced with ceramics have
shown potential applications for cartilage regeneration, but leaving biological and …

Chitosan is a deacetylated polysaccharide from chitin, the natural biopolymer primarily
found in shells of marine crustaceans and fungi cell walls. Upon deacetylation, the …

Bone tissue is the structural component of the body, which allows locomotion, protects vital
internal organs, and provides the maintenance of mineral homeostasis. Several bone …

Bone is a complex and hierarchical tissue consisting of nano hydroxyapatite and collagen
as major portion. Several attempts have been made to prepare the artificial bone so as to …

Stem cells exist as normal cells in embryonic and adult tissues. In recent years, scientists
have spared efforts to determine the role of stem cells in treating many diseases. Stem cells …

The use of bone grafts is the standard to treat skeletal fractures, or to replace and regenerate
lost bone, as demonstrated by the large number of bone graft procedures performed …

Bone defects requiring grafts to promote healing are frequently occurring and costly
problems in health care. Chitosan, a biodegradable, naturally occurring polymer, has drawn …

The clinical demand for scaffolds and the diversity of available polymers provide freedom in
the fabrication of scaffolds to achieve successful progress in bone tissue engineering (BTE) …