Intensiometric genetically encoded biosensors, based on allosteric modulation of the
fluorescence of a single fluorescent protein, are powerful tools for enabling imaging of …

Astrocytes functionally interact with neurons and with other brain cells. Although not
electrically excitable, astrocytes display a complex repertoire of intracellular Ca2+ signalling …

Spontaneous animal behaviour is built from action modules that are concatenated by the
brain into sequences,. However, the neural mechanisms that guide the composition of …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators, is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much …

Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in the brain, and the ability to directly measure
dopaminergic activity is essential for understanding its physiological functions. We therefore …

Calcium imaging with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) is routinely used to
measure neural activity in intact nervous systems. GECIs are frequently used in one of two …

Expanding the palette of fluorescent dyes is vital to push the frontier of biological imaging.
Although rhodamine dyes remain the premier type of small-molecule fluorophore owing to …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter involved in a wide
range of physiological processes. However, its precise dynamics and regulation remain …

Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …