Abstract The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait version (STAI-T) was developed to measure
an individual's tendency to experience anxiety, but it may lack discriminant evidence of …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, debilitating and sometimes deadly
consequence of exposure to severe psychological trauma. Although effective treatments …

Emotions are fundamental to our experience and behavior, affecting and motivating all
aspects of our lives. Scientists of various disciplines have been fascinated by emotions for …

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a center of integration for limbic information
and valence monitoring. The BNST, sometimes referred to as the extended amygdala, is …

Fear and anxiety play a central role in mammalian life, and there is considerable interest in
clarifying their nature, identifying their biological underpinnings, and determining their …

Regulation of stress reactivity is a fundamental priority of all organisms. Stress responses
are critical for survival, yet can also cause physical and psychological damage. This review …

Anxiety disorders impose a staggering burden on public health, underscoring the need to
develop a deeper understanding of the distributed neural circuits underlying extreme fear …

The 'obesity epidemic'represents a major global socioeconomic burden that urgently calls
for a better understanding of the underlying causes of increased weight gain and its …

Most animals live under constant threat from predators, and predation has been a major
selective force in shaping animal behaviour. Nevertheless, defence responses against …

Binge alcohol consumption induces discrete social and arousal disturbances in human
populations that promote increased drinking and accelerate the progression of Alcohol Use …