Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of
blood glucose, is among the most common chronic diseases. The incidence and prevalence …

Background Endogenous sex hormones are important for metabolic health in men and
women. Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic cardiovascular …

Background The cardiovascular safety of testosterone-replacement therapy in middle-aged
and older men with hypogonadism has not been determined. Methods In a multicenter …

Abstract Objective To update the “Testosterone Therapy in Men With Androgen Deficiency
Syndromes” guideline published in 2010. Participants The participants include an Endocrine …

Purpose: There has been a marked increase in testosterone prescriptions in the past
decade resulting in a growing need to give practicing clinicians proper guidance on the …

Background Testosterone is the standard treatment for male hypogonadism, but there is
uncertainty about its cardiovascular safety due to inconsistent findings. We aimed to provide …

Testosterone is the predominant gonadal androgen in men. Low testosterone levels are
found to be associated with an increased in metabolic risk and systematic inflammation …

Importance Recent studies have yielded conflicting results as to whether testosterone
treatment increases cardiovascular risk. Objective To test the hypothesis that testosterone …

Androgens are an important and diverse group of steroid hormone molecular species. They
play varied functional roles, such as the control of metabolic energy fate and partition, the …

Testosterone (T) is the principal male sex hormone. As men age, T levels typically fall.
Symptoms of low T include decreased libido, vasomotor instability, and decreased bone …