Cancer has been a major global health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality.
While many chemotherapy agents have been studied and applied in clinical trials or in …

Background: Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and anti-
CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab are being in clinic trials to treat melanoma. Here, we performed …

Cancer cells exploit the expression of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligand 1 (PD-L1) to
subvert T-cell-mediated immunosurveillance,. The success of therapies that disrupt PD-L1 …

The MYC oncogene codes for a transcription factor that is overexpressed in many human
cancers. Here we show that MYC regulates the expression of two immune checkpoint …

Abstract Treatment of metastatic melanoma with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
(TILs) is currently applied in several centers. Robust and remarkably consistent overall …

Therapeutic blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 can have dramatic therapeutic benefit in some
patients; however, the prognostic associations of PD-1 and its ligands, in the absence of …

Background V600 BRAF mutations drive approximately 50% of metastatic melanoma which
can be therapeutically targeted by BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and, based on resistance …

The recent advent of targeted and immune-based therapies has revolutionized the treatment
of melanoma and transformed outcomes for patients with metastatic disease. The majority of …

Cancer has remained one of the most indomitable conundrums for scientists over centuries
due to its multifarious etiology. While improved therapeutic and diagnostic approaches have …

Background In KEYNOTE-002, pembrolizumab significantly prolonged progression-free
survival and was associated with a better safety profile compared with chemotherapy in …