H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two
decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans …

In this specific context, the duration of immunization after clinical recovery is still unknown
and this could be of particular concern regarding the management and spread of infection …

Summary Background The H3N8 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been circulating in wild
birds, with occasional interspecies transmission to mammals. The first human infection of …

Spillover events of avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) to humans could represent the first step
in a future pandemic. Several factors that limit the transmission and replication of avian IAVs …

Background Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has enabled the rapid,
unbiased detection and identification of microbes without pathogen-specific reagents …

Abstract In China, H9N2 subtype avian influenza outbreak is firstly reported in Guangdong
province in 1992. Subsequently, the disease spreads into vast majority regions nationwide …

Constant surveillance of live poultry markets (LPMs) is currently the best way to predict and
identify emerging avian influenza viruses (AIVs) that pose a potential threat to public health …

Novel reassortants of H7N9, H10N8, and H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are currently
circulating in China's poultry flocks, occasionally infecting humans and other mammals …

The patterns and processes of influenza virus evolution are of fundamental importance,
underpinning such traits as the propensity to emerge in new host species and the ability to …

Influenza viruses need to use sialic acid receptors to invade host cells, and the α-2, 3 and α-
2, 6 sialic acids glycosidic bonds linking the terminal sialic acids are generally considered to …