Abstract Context The European Association of Urology (EAU) has updated its guidelines on
sexual and reproductive health for 2021. Objective To present a summary of the 2021 …

Reports of the increasing incidence of male infertility paired with decreasing semen quality
have triggered studies on the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on the male …

The average age of fathers at first pregnancy has risen significantly over the last decade
owing to various variables, including a longer life expectancy, more access to contraception …

Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has been generally acknowledged as a valuable tool for
male fertility evaluation. While its detrimental implications on sperm function were …

Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples trying to conceive, and a male factor
contributes to roughly half of these cases. Oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as one …

Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in average paternal age when
the first child is conceived, either due to increased life expectancy, widespread use of …

Background The inability to have children affects 10% to 15% of couples worldwide. A male
factor is estimated to account for up to half of the infertility cases with between 25% to 87% of …

In assisted reproductive technology (ART), the aim of sperm cells' preparation is to select
competent spermatozoa with the highest fertilization potential and in this context, the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an integral component of sperm developmental
physiology, capacitation, and function. Elevated ROS levels, from processes such as …

Spermatozoon is a motile cell with a special ability to travel through the woman's
reproductive tract and fertilize an oocyte. To reach and penetrate the oocyte, spermatozoa …