Paleosols (fossil soils) are preserved throughout the geologic record in depositional settings
ranging from alluvial systems to between basalt flows. Until recently, paleosols were studied …

Life originated in anoxia, but many organisms came to depend upon oxygen for survival,
independently evolving diverse respiratory systems for acquiring oxygen from the …

The southern part of the Karoo Basin of South Africa contains a near complete stratigraphic
record of the Permo-Triassic boundary (PTB). Isotope-and magneto-stratigraphy confirm that …

Permian waning of the low-latitude Alleghenian/Variscan/Hercynian orogenesis led to a
long collisional orogeny gap that cut down the availability of chemically weatherable fresh …

Precambrian atmospheric pCO2 levels were previously estimated using a simple
thermodynamic model based on the mineral assemblage in paleosols. In addition to …

Distinct assemblages of paleosols above and below the Permian–Triassic boundary in the
Karoo Basin of South Africa are evidence for reorganization of ecosystems following this …

A catastrophic extinction occurred at the end of the Permian Period. However, baseline
extinction rates appear to have been elevated even before the final catastrophe, suggesting …

Paleoclimatic time series from Permian and Triassic paleosols reveal transient episodes of
unusually warm and wet conditions, interrupting long periods of cool and dry conditions …

Previous studies have suggested a variety of causes for the end-Permian extinction event
including a bolide impact, flood basalt volcanism, methane clathrate dissociation, or some …

The end-Permian mass extinction has been envisaged as the nadir of biodiversity decline
due to increasing volcanic gas emissions over some 9 million years. We propose a different …