Over the past decade, aquaculture has grown at an average annual growth rate of
approximately 6% worldwide despite many challenges. Viral diseases are one of the major …

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccination is based on the administration of the gene
encoding the vaccine antigen, rather than the antigen itself. Subsequent expression of the …

Background Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is one of the most prevalent and
economically devastating diseases in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming worldwide. The …

The diseases causing the highest ecological and socio-economical impacts in European
farmed finfish are produced by RNA viruses. Salmon, trout, sea bream, sea bass, carp and …

Farmed fish provide an increasing fraction of the human food supply, and are of major
economic importance in many countries. As in the case of terrestrial agriculture, bringing …

Immunization by an antigen-encoding DNA was approved for commercial sale in Canada
against a Novirhabdovirus infection in fish. DNA vaccines have been particularly successful …

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has many features that make it an ideal model for the study of
developmental biology. It is small and easy to contain, it has transparent embryos, it is easy …

The primary function of DNA vaccines, a bacterial plasmid DNA containing a construct for a
given protective antigen, is to establish specific and long-lasting protective immunity against …

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and koi herpesvirus (KHV) are highly contagious and
pathogenic to cyprinid fish, causing enormous economic losses in aquaculture. Although …

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a major cause of mortality in shrimp and poses a
huge threat to aquaculture industry. Till now no comprehensive or individual strategy has …