Opioids are widely used as therapeutic agents against moderate to severe acute and
chronic pain. Still, these classes of analgesic drugs have many potential limitations as they …

Opioid receptors have been targeted for the treatment of pain and related disorders for
thousands of years and remain the most widely used analgesics in the clinic. Mu (μ), kappa …

Opiates are among the oldest medications available to manage a number of medical
problems. Although pain is the current focus, early use initially focused upon the treatment of …

The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically
dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels …

The Wnts comprise a large class of secreted proteins that control essential developmental
processes such as embryonic patterning, cell growth, migration, and differentiation. In the …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of cell-surface receptors.
These receptors are natural allosteric proteins because agonist-mediated signaling by …

In the mid-1970s, an intense race to identify endogenous substances that activated the
same receptors as opiates resulted in the identification of the first endogenous opioid …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) compose one of the largest families of membrane
proteins involved in intracellular signaling. They are involved in numerous physiological and …

The classical idea that G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) function as monomeric
entities has been unsettled by the emerging concept of GPCR dimerization. Recent findings …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …