Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process
regulated by various pro-and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor …

During long standing hyperglycaemic state in diabetes mellitus, glucose forms covalent
adducts with the plasma proteins through a non-enzymatic process known as glycation …

Glycation is both a physiological and pathological process which mainly affects proteins,
nucleic acids and lipids. Exogenous and endogenous glycation produces deleterious …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the working‐age
population of the Western world. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and several vascular …

The management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has evolved considerably over the past
decade, with the availability of new technologies (diagnostic and therapeutic). As such, the …

The mouse retina has been used extensively over the past decades to study both
physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Over time, various mouse retina models have …

The retina is part of the central nervous system, and shares the characteristically high
metabolism of the brain. The high energy demand of the retina is normally matched with a …

Diabetic corneal alterations, such as delayed epithelial wound healing, edema, recurrent
erosions, neuropathy/loss of sensitivity, and tear film changes are frequent but …

Photoreceptor cells are incessantly bombarded with photons of light, which, along with the
cells' high rate of oxygen metabolism, continuously exposes them to elevated levels of toxic …

Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis, it also disrupts
vascular barrier function in diseased tissues. Accordingly, VEGF expression in cancer and …