The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of fluid, solutes
and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic platform for exchange of substances between
the blood and the brain parenchyma, and it is an essential functional gatekeeper for the …

Men and women exhibit differences in the development and progression of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). The factors underlying the sex differences in AD are not well understood. This …

Among age-related diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are major
causes of death. Vascular dysfunction is a key characteristic of these diseases wherein age …

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) effects on aging and neurodegeneration is still
controversial. However, it is widely admitted that IGF-1 is involved in the neuroinflammatory …

Risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with age-related loss of sex steroid
hormones in both women and men. In post-menopausal women, the precipitous depletion of …

Prevalence of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar
disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are increasing at alarming rates in our societies …

The cerebral vasculature is a target tissue for sex steroid hormones. Estrogens, androgens,
and progestins all influence the function and pathophysiology of the cerebral circulation …

There is ample empirical evidence to support the notion that the biological impacts of
estrogen extend beyond the gonads to other bodily systems, including the brain and …

Blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interference that regulates the nutrition and toxic
substance in and out of the central nervous system (CNS), and plays a crucial role in …