Dying mammalian cells emit numerous signals that interact with the host to dictate the
immunological correlates of cellular stress and death. In the absence of reactive antigenic …

Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These
mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and …

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, also known as ERBB2) amplification or
overexpression occurs in approximately 20% of advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal …

Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic
effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are
revolutionizing oncology and haematology practice. With these and other immunotherapies …

Melanoma, a skin cancer that develops from pigment cells, has been studied intensively,
particularly in terms of the immune response to tumours, and has been used as a model for …

Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit a specialized antigen-presenting function and play crucial roles
in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Due to their ability to cross-present tumor …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cancer cell death triggered by certain
chemotherapeutic drugs, oncolytic viruses, physicochemical therapies, photodynamic …

Recent studies in both mice and humans have suggested that gut microbiota could
modulate tumor responsiveness to chemo-or immunotherapies. However, the underlying …

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating gastrointestinal cancer characterized by late diagnosis,
limited treatment success and dismal prognosis. Exocrine tumours account for 95% of …