Despite tremendous successes in the field of antibiotic discovery seen in the previous
century, infectious diseases have remained a leading cause of death. More specifically …

Gram-negative bacteria and their complex cell envelope, which comprises an outer
membrane and an inner membrane, are an important and attractive system for studying the …

Small, hydrophilic molecules, including most important antibiotics in clinical use, cross the
Gram-negative outer membrane through the water-filled channels provided by porins. We …

With the dramatic consequences of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, nanomaterials and
molecular transporters have started to be investigated as alternative antibacterials or anti …

Cell envelope plays a dual role in the life of bacteria by simultaneously protecting it from a
hostile environment and facilitating access to beneficial molecules. At the heart of this ability …

Gram-negative bacteria can resist antibiotics by changing the permeability via their outer
membrane. These bacteria have a complex cell envelope that incorporates an outer …

The double-membrane cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is a sophisticated barrier
that facilitates the uptake of nutrients and protects the organism from toxic compounds. An …

Transport of molecules through biological membranes is a fundamental process in biology,
facilitated by selective channels and general pores. The architecture of some outer …

The transport of small molecules across membranes is essential for the import of nutrients
and other energy sources into the cell and, for the export of waste and other potentially …

Gram-negative porins are the main entry for small hydrophilic molecules. We studied
translocation of structurally related cephalosporins, ceftazidime (CAZ), cefotaxime (CTX) and …