Biofabrication is an evolving research field that has recently received significant attention. In
particular, the adoption of Biofabrication concepts within the field of Tissue Engineering and …

Throughout billions of years, biological systems have evolved sophisticated, multiscale
hierarchical structures to adapt to changing environments. Biomaterials are synthesized …

Biological materials are typically multifunctional but many have evolved to optimize a chief
mechanical function. These functions include impact or fracture resistance, armor and …

Nacre (known as mother of pearl) is the iridescent inner shell layer of some mollusks. Nacre
is composed of 95 wt% aragonite (a crystallographic form of CaCO3) and 5 wt% organic …

Most natural (or biological) materials are complex composites whose mechanical properties
are often outstanding, considering the weak constituents from which they are assembled …

Biomineralization refers to the processes by which organisms form minerals. The control
exerted by many organisms over mineral formation distinguishes these processes from …

Biologically formed hard tissues, referred to as biominerals, have intrigued the materials
engineering community for years because of the high degree of crystallographic control that …

A blueprint for the design of oxide materials is provided by nature. By borrowing from
nature's ability to influence inorganic microstructures in biomineralization processes and in …

IN the initial stages of the biomineralization of abalone shells, a primer layer of oriented
calcite crystals grows on a nucleating protein sheet1, 2. The deposition of this primer is …

Nanotechnology, which deals with features as small as a 1 billionth of a meter, began to
enter into mainstream physical sciences and engineering some 20 years ago. Recent …