Adaptations of post‐hatching animals have attracted far more study than have embryonic
responses to environmental challenges, but recent research suggests that we have …

While most spiders are solitary and opportunistically cannibalistic, a variety of social
organisations has evolved in a minority of spider species. One form of social organisation is …

Food relationships of Coccinellidae have always been actively studied, largely because of
the economic impact of most coccinellid species. Unfortunately the prey-predator …

In order to explain the huge variation in parental behaviour, evolutionary biologists have
traditionally used a cost–benefit approach, which enables them to analyse behavioural traits …

The tremendous diversity of social behaviour among the invertebrates is an asset and a
challenge. There is richness in both the number of phylogenetic lineages that have evolved …

Frog reproductive modes are complex phenotypes that include egg/clutch characteristics,
oviposition site, larval development, and sometimes, parental care. Two evident patterns in …

Hatching is a pivotal moment in the life of most animals. Diverse chemical, behavioural and
mechanical methods have evolved in metazoans to break the egg membranes. Among …

Social insect colonies are commonly thought of as highly organized and efficient complex
systems, yet high levels of worker inactivity are common. Although consistently inactive …

Lactation is a mammalian attribute, and the few known nonmammal examples have
distinctly different modalities. We document here milk provisioning in a jumping spider …

The Lygaeidae (sensu lato) are a highly successful family of true bugs found worldwide, yet
many aspects of their ecology and evolution remain obscure or unknown. While a few …