Background The vascularization of the distal portions of transferred tissue represents the
most critical factor in the success of reconstructive surgery. In recent years, indocyanine …

Facial skin defects created by Mohs micrographic surgery are commonly reconstructed
using local cutaneous flaps from surrounding skin. To provide optimal survival and aesthetic …

Background: The reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap provides the potential for simple and
efficient closure of distal leg, ankle, and foot defects. In young patients with traumatic …

In reconstructive surgery, tissues are routinely transferred to repair a defect caused by
trauma, cancer, chronic diseases, or congenital malformations; surgical transfer intrinsically …

Objectives Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) improves cosmetic outcome of mastectomy,
but many patients are not candidates for this procedure because of concerns about nipple …

Objective The purpose of this article is to review and integrate the available literature in
different fields to gain a better understanding of the basic physiology and optimize vascular …

Background Despite the application of tissue expansion in the reconstruction of significant
tissue defects, complications with expanded random-pattern skin flaps remain a major …

Background: Perforator flaps are commonly applied for a variety of skin defects. Many
strategies (eg, hyperbaric oxygen and preconditioning) have been investigated to improve …

Background: Experimental evidence suggests that endogenous vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) may play a major role in the surgical delay phenomenon. The purpose of this …

Introduction Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is a viable alternative to open
resection for the management of esophagogastric cancer. However, the technique may …