Pandemics are large-scale outbreaks of infectious disease that can greatly increase
morbidity and mortality over a wide geographic area and cause significant economic, social …

Virus–receptor interactions play a key regulatory role in viral host range, tissue tropism, and
viral pathogenesis. Viruses utilize elegant strategies to attach to one or multiple receptors …

Background 18 500 laboratory-confirmed deaths caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza A
H1N1 were reported worldwide for the period April, 2009, to August, 2010. This number is …

Background We observe changes of the main lymphocyte subsets (CD16+ CD56, CD19,
CD3, CD4, and CD8) in COVID-19-infected patients and explore whether the changes are …

In the present study, the fractional version with respect to the Atangana-Baleanu fractional
derivative operator in the caputo sense (ABC) of the two-strain epidemic mathematical …

Swine influenza was first described in the 1918 pandemic and made a resurgence in April
2009 in the form of a triple-reassortant influenza A virus, which is composed of a …

Objective To characterize influenza seasonality and identify the best time of the year for
vaccination against influenza in tropical and subtropical countries of southern and south …

Zoonotic disease outbreaks are an important threat to human health and numerous drivers
have been recognized as contributing to their increasing frequency. Identifying and …

The recent 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus infection in humans has resulted in nearly 5,000
deaths worldwide. Early epidemiological findings indicated a low level of infection in the …

Background Influenza surveillance is an important tool to identify emerging/reemerging
strains, and defining seasonality. We describe the distinct patterns of circulating strains of …