Androgen receptors are expressed in many different neuronal populations in the central
nervous system where they often act as transcription factors in the cell nucleus. However …

The green anole (Anolis carolinensis) is an excellent reptilian model for studying
reproductive behavior and the neural and muscular morphology that supports it. This lizard …

Animals evaluate and respond to their social environment with adaptive decisions.
Revealing the neural mechanisms of such decisions is a major goal in biology. We analyzed …

Estrogens and androgens can protect neurons from death caused by injury to the central
nervous system. Astrocytes and microglia are major players in events triggered by neural …

The approaches of the social and the biological sciences to the study of behavior have been
seen as almost mutually exclusive. The nature versus nurture debate has been almost …

Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopamine cell loss of the substantia nigra.
Parkinson's disease and the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 5, 6 tetrahydropyridine may …

Sex steroid hormones released from the gonads play an important role in mediating social
behavior across all vertebrates. Many effects of these gonadal hormones are mediated by …

This review focuses on our current understanding of vertebrate sex steroid receptors, with an
emphasis on their evolutionary relationships. These relationships are discussed based on …

Historically, morphological studies of the distribution of androgen receptors in the brain led
to conclusions that the major regional targets of androgen action are involved in …

Comparative studies of species differences and similarities in the regulation of courtship
behavior afford an understanding of evolutionary pressures and constraints shaping …