Type 2 immune–mediated diseases give a clear answer to the issue of nature (genetics)
versus nurture (environment). Both genetics and environment play vital complementary roles …

Autoimmunity is the break of tolerance to self‐antigens that leads to organ‐specific or
systemic diseases often characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoreactive …

Background Observational studies have suggested the association between atopic
dermatitis (AD) and the risks of autoimmune diseases. It is still unclear, however, whether or …

Background An association has been indicated between atopic dermatitis (AD), a prevalent
chronic inflammatory skin disease, and diabetes mellitus. However, the exact causal …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune tolerance to allergens at the environmental
interfaces in the airways, skin and gut, marshalling in the process distinct immune regulatory …

Heterogeneity characterises inflammatory diseases and different phenotypes and endotypes
have been identified. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the …

Skin tissue, composed of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, is the largest organ of
the human body. It serves as a protective barrier against pathogens and physical trauma …

This study investigates the roles of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and Vα7.
2+/CD161− T cells in skin diseases, focusing on atopic dermatitis. MAIT cells, crucial for …

Recently, particulate matter (PM) has been shown to exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD) by
inducing an inflammatory response. Meanwhile, several studies revealed that exosomes …

The skin is exposed to environmental challenges and contains heterogeneous cell
populations such as epithelial cells, stromal cells, and skin-resident immune cells. As the …