The chloroplast can act as an environmental sensor, communicating with the cell during
biogenesis and operation to change the expression of thousands of proteins. This process …

Tetrapyrroles are macrocyclic molecules with various structural variants and multiple
functions in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Present knowledge about the metabolism of …

Energy production by chloroplasts and mitochondria causes constant oxidative damage. A
functioning photosynthetic cell requires quality-control mechanisms to turn over and …

The Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Photosynthesis offers a unique and comprehensive
collection of topics in the field of photosynthesis, serving as an invaluable resource in this …

Phytol, the prenyl side chain of chlorophyll, is derived from geranylgeraniol by reduction of
three double bonds. Recent results demonstrated that the conversion of geranylgeraniol to …

Communication from plastids to the nucleus via retrograde signal cascades is essential to
modulate nuclear gene expression, impacting plant development and environmental …

Isoprene synthase converts dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene and appears to be
necessary and sufficient to allow plants to emit isoprene at significant rates. Isoprene can …

Background Lycopene is a natural red compound with potent antioxidant activity that can be
utilized both as pigment and as a raw material in functional food, and so possesses good …

GATA transcription factors are transcriptional regulatory proteins that contain a characteristic
type-IV zinc finger DNA-binding domain and recognize the conserved GATA motif in the …

Plants transport photoassimilates from source organs to sink tissues through the phloem
translocation pathway. In the transport phloem, sugars that escape from the sieve tubes are …