Simple Summary Continued evolution of how research animals are kept and cared for is
vital for respecting the 3Rs of replacement, reduction, and refinement. How animals feel …

Minipigs are widely used in biomedical research for translational studies. However,
information about pain elicited by experimental procedures is lacking. Non-invasive …

Stress and general anesthesia have an impact on the functional response of the organism
due to the detrimental effects on cardiovascular, immunological, and metabolic function …

Research organizations should be proactive in regularly evaluating and refining their animal
care and use programs in order to advance animal welfare and minimize distress. Pigs are …

Pigs are a reservoir of hepatitis E virus (HEV), which causes hepatitis in humans. To study
the epidemiology of HEV in pig farms, sampling methods are currently used that cause …

The complex interplay of the immune system and physiology of infection can't be replicated
in vitro and is very limited in ex vivo studies (1), meaning animal models are still essential to …