Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic
stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor
microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression …

Summary Extracellular 2′ 3′-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is an immunotransmitter exported
by diseased cells and imported into host cells to activate the innate immune STING pathway …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been well established as an important extracellular
ligand of autocrine signaling, intercellular communication, and neurotransmission with …

Volume-regulated anion channels are activated in response to hypotonic stress. These
channels are composed of closely related paralogues of the leucine-rich repeat-containing …

Pannexin 1 (Panx1) forms plasma membrane ion channels that are widely expressed
throughout the body. Panx1 activation results in the release of nucleotides such as …

Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8 (LRRC8) family members form volume-regulated
anion channels activated by hypoosmotic cell swelling. LRRC8 channels are ubiquitously …

The swelling-activated anion channel VRAC has fascinated and frustrated physiologists
since it was first described in 1988. Multiple laboratories have defined VRAC's biophysical …

Abstract The Volume-Regulated Anion Channel (VRAC) is activated by cell swelling and
plays a key role in cell volume regulation. VRAC is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate …

The understanding of the nucleotide/P2 receptor system in the regulation of renal
hemodynamics and transport function has grown exponentially over the last 20 yr. This …