The ontogeny and maturation of the immune system is modulated by the microbiota. During
fetal life, the mother's microbiota produces compounds that are transferred to the fetus and …

Aging is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs and increased risk of
aging-associated disorders, which pose major societal challenges and are a public health …

Microbes colonize all body surfaces at birth and participate in the development of the
immune system. In newborn mammals, the intestinal microbiota is first shaped by the dietary …

Changes to the symbiotic microbiota early in life, or the absence of it, can lead to
exacerbated type 2 immunity and allergic inflammations. Although it is unclear how the …

Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure by an
immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation of the membranes lining the nose (1). It was …

The human intestinal microbiota is essential to the health of the host and plays a role in
nutrition, development, metabolism, pathogen resistance, and regulation of immune …

Regulatory T lymphocytes are essential to maintain homeostasis of the immune system,
limiting the magnitude of effector responses and allowing the establishment of …

Adaptive Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T (iTreg) cells develop outside the thymus under
subimmunogenic antigen presentation, during chronic inflammation, and during normal …

Environmentally induced alterations in the commensal microbiota have been implicated in
the increasing prevalence of food allergy. We show here that sensitization to a food allergen …

The classical model of immunity posits that the immune system reacts to pathogens and
injury and restores homeostasis. Indeed, a century of research has uncovered the means …