BACKGROUND In addition to providing antimicrobial immunity, the immune system governs
numerous aspects of host physiology, in part through the coordinated action of tissue …

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract, the site of digestion and nutrient absorption, harbors
trillions of beneficial commensal microbes from all three domains of life. Commensal …

Exposure to microbes during early childhood is associated with protection from immune-
mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Here, we show …

Keeping a delicate balance in the immune system by eliminating invading pathogens, while
still maintaining self-tolerance to avoid autoimmunity, is critical for the body's health. The gut …

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exist in a'poised effector'state, which enables them to
rapidly produce cytokines following activation. Using a nearly monospecific T cell receptor …

Human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a T cell population characterized by
the expression of a semi-invariant TCR capable of recognizing bacterial products in the …

There is now a large volume of evidence to support the view that the immune system is a key
communication pathway between the gut and brain, which plays an important role in stress …

Purpose It is well established that mammals are so-called super-organisms that coexist with
a complex microbiota. Growing evidence points to the delicacy of this host–microbe interplay …

Abstract'Gut health'is a term increasingly used in the medical literature and by the food
industry. It covers multiple positive aspects of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as the …

The fields of immunology and metabolism are rapidly converging on adipose tissue. During
obesity, many immune cells infiltrate or populate in adipose tissue and promote a low-grade …