Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that
contain components from their mother cells. Bacterial EVs are similar in size to mammalian …

This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial
extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the …

Gram-negative bacteria shed extracellular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during their
normal growth both in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are spherical, bilayered membrane …

Bacterial membrane vesicles are proteoliposomal nanoparticles produced by both Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As they originate from the outer surface of the bacteria …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano‐sized compartments consisting of a
lipid bilayer that encapsulates periplasm‐derived, luminal content. OMVs, which pinch off of …

Both extracellular RNAs and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently garnered attention as
novel mediators of intercellular communication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes alike. EVs not …

Bacteria in the genus Brucella are important human and veterinary pathogens. The abortion
and infertility they cause in food animals produce economic hardships in areas where the …

All Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which are minute
spherical structures emanating from the bacterial outer membrane. OMVs are primarily …

Brucella abortus vaccines play a central role in bovine brucellosis control/eradication
programs and have been successfully used worldwide for decades. Strain 19 and RB51 are …

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human intestinal homeostasis and host
health. Bacterial extracellular vesicles are key players in bacteria–host communication, as …