Genetic variation, which is generated by mutation, recombination and gene flow, can reduce
the mean fitness of a population, both now and in the future. This 'genetic load'has been …

Gene evolution has long been thought to be primarily driven by duplication and
rearrangement mechanisms. However, every evolutionary lineage harbours orphan genes …

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) silences transcription from one of the two X chromosomes
in female mammalian cells to balance expression dosage between XX females and XY …

A genome-scale genetic interaction map was constructed by examining 5.4 million gene-
gene pairs for synthetic genetic interactions, generating quantitative genetic interaction …

The generation of mathematical models of biological processes, the simulation of these
processes under different conditions, and the comparison and integration of multiple data …

Novel protein-coding genes can arise either through re-organization of pre-existing genes or
de novo,. Processes involving re-organization of pre-existing genes, notably after gene …

The rate and mechanism of protein sequence evolution have been central questions in
evolutionary biology since the 1960s. Although the rate of protein sequence evolution …

The copepod Tigriopus californicus shows extensive population divergence and is
becoming a model for understanding allopatric differentiation and the early stages of …

Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically
improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust …

The protein folding problem was first articulated as question of how order arose from
disorder in proteins: How did the various native structures of proteins arise from interatomic …