Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

Hypertension—the chronic elevation of blood pressure—is a major human health problem.
In most cases, the root cause of the disease remains unknown, but there is mounting …

Despite the fact that many research articles have been written about stress and stress-
related diseases, no scientifically accepted definition of stress exists. Selye introduced and …

During stress, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is changed in a global fashion,
leading to an increase in cardiovascular function and a release of adrenal catecholamines …

We examined the subnuclear organization of projections to the parabrachial nucleus (PB)
from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), area postrema, and medullary reticular formation …

On the basis of stimulation studies, it has been proposed that the infralimbic cortex (ILC),
Brodmann area 25, may serve as an autonomic motor cortex. To explore this hypothesis, we …

Recent findings suggest that the periaqueductal gray (PAG) can be subdivided on the basis
of its anatomical connections and functional representation of cardiovascular and behavioral …

It is well known that breathing introduces rhythmical oscillations in the heart rate and arterial
pressure levels. Sympathetic oscillations coupled to the respiratory activity have been …

Tract-tracing and electrophysiology studies have revealed that major inputs to the nucleus
locus coeruleus (LC) are found in two structures, the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) …

The C1 neurons reside in the rostral and intermediate portions of the ventrolateral medulla
(RVLM, IVLM). They use glutamate as a fast transmitter and synthesize catecholamines plus …