The screening of biological samples for the presence of illicit or legal substances is an
important frontline tool in both clinical and forensic toxicology. In the clinical setting, drug …

Drugs of abuse testing is widely used clinically and forensically. Urine is the preferred type
of specimen for drugs of abuse screening, but saliva, sweat, hair, and meconium are …

Opioid analgesic misuse has risen significantly over the past two decades, and these drugs
now represent the most commonly abused class of prescription medications. They are a …

In 2017, the United States Department of Health and Human Services declared the
widespread misuse and abuse of prescription and illicit opioids an epidemic. However, this …

Toxicology laboratories commonly employ immunoassay methodologies to perform an initial
drug screen on urine specimens to direct confirmatory testing. Due to limitations of …

Substance abuse is a significant problem in the United States. 1 Over 2.1 million emergency
department visits in 2009 were associated with drug misuse or abuse, of which 47 …

Background In the field of addiction, assessment of psychoactive substance use is a key
element. Nevertheless, self-reports and clinical examination underestimate the use of …

Drug and metabolite (analytes) identification together with quantification is an important
analytical tool in forensic and clinical toxicology. We report the development and validation …

Context.—Urine drug testing is frequently ordered by health care providers. Immunoassays
are widely used for drug testing, yet have potential limitations, including variable cross …

Urine drug testing by immunoassay is widely used to detect nonmedical drug use and to
monitor patients prescribed controlled substances. A key attribute of urine drug testing …