Although cisplatin has been a pivotal chemotherapy drug in treating patients with various
types of cancer for decades, drug resistance has been a major clinical impediment. In …

Macrophages are the most important phagocytes in vivo. However, the tumor
microenvironment can affect the function and polarization of macrophages and form tumor …

Background M2 macrophages and exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are
both reported to promote angiogenesis. However, the possible synergistic effects between …

Mϕ proliferation, differentiation, and survival are controlled by signals from the Mϕ CSF
receptor (CSF1R). Mono-allelic gain-of-function mutations in CSF1R in humans are …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the most prolific resident of the tumor
microenvironment (TME) that regulate its TME into tumor suppressive or progressive milieu …

Abstract 'First-generation'immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte
Antigen 4 (CTLA4) and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD (L) 1) have undoubtedly …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in regulating antitumor immune
responses. As an important part of the TME, alternatively activated type 2 (M2) macrophages …

The role of colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R) in macrophage and organismal
development has been extensively studied in mouse. Within the last decade, mutations in …

Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is implicated in tumor-associated macrophage
(TAM) repolarization and has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and some patients develop recurrence
after standard therapy. Effective predictors are urgently needed to detect recurrence earlier …