In the past decade, an exciting realization has been that diverse liver diseases—ranging
from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis to hepatocellular …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of worldwide cancer mortality.
HCC almost exclusively develops in patients with chronic liver disease, driven by a vicious …

The liver carries out a wide range of functions ranging from the control of metabolites,
nutrient storage, and detoxification to immunosurveillance. While inflammation is essential …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Its
worldwide prevalence is rapidly increasing and is currently estimated at 24%. NAFLD is …

Hepatic injury is associated with a defective intestinal barrier and increased hepatic
exposure to bacterial products. Here we report that the intestinal bacterial microflora and a …

Introduction• TLR signalling• Endogenous TLR ligands• Biological significance of signalling
triggered by endogenous TLR ligands‐Ischemia and reperfusion injury‐Tissue repair and …

Liver fibrosis occurs as a wound‐healing scar response following chronic liver inflammation
including alcoholic liver disease, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, viral hepatitis, cholestatic …

Recognition of non-self molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors is a cornerstone
of innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) exert a key role in recognizing pathogen …

Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota, long appreciated to be a key
determinant of intestinal inflammation, is also playing a key role in chronic inflammatory …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen‐
associated molecular patterns and signal through adaptor molecules, myeloid differentiation …