The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide, and
finding a safe therapeutic strategy and effective vaccine is critical to overcoming severe …

Microglia/macrophages are the major immune cells involved in the defence against brain
damage. Their morphology and functional changes are correlated with the release of danger …

The recognition of invading pathogens and endogenous molecules from damaged tissues
by toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers protective self-defense mechanisms. However …

Neuronal dysfunction initiates several intracellular signaling cascades to release different
proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as various reactive oxygen species. In …

Post-ischemic inflammation is important in ischemic stroke pathology. However, details of
the inflammation process, its resolution after stroke and its effect on pathology and neural …

Inflammation is a highly dynamic and complex adaptive process to preserve and restore
tissue homeostasis. Originally viewed as an immune-privileged organ, the central nervous …

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults. Drug treatments that target stroke-induced
pathological mechanisms and promote recovery are desperately needed. In the brain, an …

It is currently well established that the immune system is activated in response to transient or
focal cerebral ischemia. This acute immune activation occurs in response to damage, and …

Neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, as well as the neurodegenerative
diseases Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease are accompanied or even powered by danger …

We aimed to quantify the association of blood interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations with poor
outcome after stroke and its added predictive value over clinical information. Meta-analysis …