Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, representing
a major health, social, and economic issue. Thyroid disorders are very common and affect> …

Subclinical hypothyroidism, which is defined as a thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration
higher than the reference range (generally 4· 5 mIU/L or higher) with normal free thyroxine …

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is diagnosed when serum thyroid stimulation hormone
(thyrotropin; TSH) levels are above the reference range, accompanied by levels of free …

Background: Reference ranges for serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and free
triiodothyronine (fT3) established without considering age-and sex-based differences are …

Background Thyroid disorders, both overt and subclinical, are highly prevalent conditions in
the general population. Although a clear relationship between overt thyroid dysfunctions and …

The majority of patients with hypothyroidism feel better when levothyroxine treatment
restores thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations to normal. Increasingly, a …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis is fundamental to human biology, exerting
central control over energy expenditure and body temperature. However, the consequences …

Background: The frequency and factors associated with thyroid hormone replacement
therapy among patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) remain uncertain. Methods …

Context Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic diseases; however, it
remains controversial in older individuals. Objective This work aimed to investigate the …

Context The impact of abnormal thyroid hormone levels on the cardiovascular system has
been explored for decades. Recent emerging evidence suggests that subclinical thyroid …