Melatonin is an ancient molecule that originated in bacteria. When these prokaryotes were
phagocytized by early eukaryotes, they eventually developed into mitochondria and …

Simple Summary Environmental light exposure is an important factor for human health that
impacts the biological clock of organisms. Melatonin usually serves as a chemical …

Melatonin possesses the indoleamine structure and exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
actions and other physiological properties. Physical exercise can influence secretion of …

Melatonin is a serotonin-derived pineal gland hormone with many biological functions like
regulating the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythm, menstrual cycle, aging, immunity, and …

Recently, the morbidity and mortality from lung cancer have continued to increase.
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in apoptosis, proliferation, and the bioenergetic …

Hypoxia is a condition commonly observed in the core of solid tumors. The hypoxia-
inducible factors (HIF) act as hypoxia sensors that orchestrate a coordinated response …

Numerous pharmaceutical drugs have been repurposed for use as treatments for COVID-19
disease. These drugs have not consistently demonstrated high efficacy in preventing or …

Melatonin, an endogenously synthesized indolamine, is a powerful antioxidant exerting
beneficial action in many pathological conditions. Melatonin protects from oxidative stress in …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a number of non-cancerous cells that affect
cancer cell survival. Although CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells suppress …

Surgery is the common treatment for early lung cancer with multiple pulmonary nodules, but
it is often accompanied by the problem of significant malignancy of other nodules in non …