Land plants have adapted to survive under a range of wind climates and this involve
changes in chemical composition, physical structure and morphology at all scales from the …

This review surveys the large variety of mechanical interactions between wind and plants,
from plant organs to plant systems. These interactions range from leaf flutter to uprooting …

Climatic extremes can be as significant as averages in setting the conditions for successful
organismal function and in determining the distribution of different forms. For lightweight …

External mechanical forces resulting from the pressure exerted by wind or water movement
are a major stress factor for plants and may cause regular disturbances in many ecosystems …

Plant stems are one of nature's most impressive mechanical constructs. Their sophisticated
hierarchical structure and multifunctionality allow trees to grow more than 100 m tall. This …

Mechanical architectures of a wide range of climbing plants are reviewed from a wide
phylogenetic range and evolutionary contingencies. They include an herbaceous lycopod …

The significance of inspiration from nature for technical textiles and for fibrous composite
materials is demonstrated by examples of already existing technical solutions that either …

With few exceptions, terrestrial plants are anchored to substrates by roots that experience
bending and twisting forces resulting from gravity-and wind-induced forces. Mechanical …

Analysing plant phenotypic plasticity in response to wind is complicated as this factor entails
not only mechanical stress but also affects leaf gas and heat exchange.• We exposed …

Background Stalk lodging is the structural failure of crops due to external loading such as
wind. Short-stature (ie, dwarf) varieties of wheat and rice have shown promise in reducing …