The past two decades have seen rapid developments in short-pulse X-ray sources, which
have enabled the study of nuclear and electronic dynamics by ultrafast X-ray spectroscopies …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Real-time access to the internal ultrafast dynamics of complex dissipative optical systems
opens new explorations of pulse-pulse interactions and dynamic patterns. We present the …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high
harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and …

Conical intersections play a critical role in excited-state dynamics of polyatomic molecules
because they govern the reaction pathways of many nonadiabatic processes. However …

The description of ultrafast nonadiabatic chemical dynamics during molecular photo-
transformations remains challenging because electronic and nuclear configurations impact …

Observing the motion of the nuclear wave packets during a molecular reaction, in both
space and time, is crucial for understanding and controlling the outcome of photoinduced …

The coherence and dephasing of vibrational motions of molecules constitute an integral part
of chemical dynamics, influence material properties and underpin schemes to control …

Fundamental studies of chemical reactions often consider the molecular dynamics along a
reaction coordinate using a calculated or suggested potential energy surface,,,–. But fully …

X-ray diffraction is routinely used for structure determination of stationary molecular samples.
Modern X-ray photon sources, eg, from free-electron lasers, enable us to add temporal …