Soft robots have recently attracted increased attention because their characteristics of low‐
cost fabrication, durability, and deformability make them uniquely suited for applications in …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D
architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental …

The climbing microrobots have attracted growing attention due to their promising
applications in exploration and monitoring of complex, unstructured environments. Soft …

Soft actuators can be classified into five categories: tendon-driven actuators, electroactive
polymers, shape-memory materials, soft fluidic actuators (SFAs), and hybrid actuators. The …

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials capable of changing their shapes in a
predefined manner under a proper applied stimulus and have gained considerable interest …

Origami has been proved as a valuable tool to develop deployable, multifunctional, and
tunable devices for diverse engineering applications. Inspired by the Kresling origami, this …

Polymer‐based flexible actuators have recently attracted significant attention owing to their
great potentials in soft robotics, wearables, haptics, and medical devices. In particular …

Shape memory polymers are attractive smart materials that have many practical applications
and academic interest. Three-dimensional (3D) printable shape memory polymers are of …

In recent years, the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based materials, such as carbon
dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, together with the advances in materials science …