Objective: We report the results of the investigation of safety and efficacy of venous
angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with findings of extracranial venous
anomalies, considered hallmarks of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), in
a 2-phase study (ClinicalTrials. gov NCT01450072). Methods: Phase 1 was an open-label
safety study (10 patients); phase 2 was sham-controlled, randomized, and double-blind (10
sham procedure, 9 treated). All study patients fulfilled venous hemodynamic screening …